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SAN BERNARDINO, CA—- A memorial tribute to Dr. Robert L. Fairley will be hosted at New Hope Missionary Baptist Church, 1575 W. 17th Street, San Bernardino, CA on Saturday, September 9 at 10 a.m.

Dr. Micheal Andrew Owens, current pastor at New Hope and congregation will salute Dr. Fairley Pastor Emeritus’s legacy. The legendary, Inland Empire’s Dr. Robert L. Fairley served at New Hope for a total of 23 years until his retirement. The wisest, kindest, most caring community leader a congregation could ask for has passed on. A preacher, teacher, par excellent, received his crown of glory.

Dr. Fairley’s beloved family members, First Lady Mary Fairley, daughter Lori Fairley-Green, will visit and Pastor Fred Fairley’s eldest son will be the guest speaker.

Acknowledgments and well wishes for the family can be sent to New Hope Missionary Baptist Church. Please contact New Hope Missionary Baptist Church Community Liaison, Beverly Jones Wright, for further details at (909) 887-2526 or (909) 434-6583.

SAN BERNARDINO, CA— September is International Underground Railroad Month. When Harriett Tubman was a conductor on the Underground Railroad, there was no such thing as a hate crime; it was a crime to ‘not hate’!  The hate-habit is real and so is the effort to break it. This broadcast focuses on recognizing and reporting hate. To listen to and watch the broadcast, please visit out Facebook page.

By Manny Otiko | California Black Media  

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Gov. Gavin Newsom issued an executive order that temporarily suspended some of the requirements of the California’s public meeting law, the Bagley Keene Act.

Newsom’s executive order allowed elected boards, commissions and other state “bodies” to hold remote meetings via teleconference without posting each official’s teleconference location (which in some cases were private homes); posting agendas at each location; or making those locations accessible to the public, as required by law.

A bill is currently being considered by the California legislature that would extend some of the changes to the Bagley-Keene Open Meeting Act until Jan. 1, 2026.

Senate Bill (SB) 544, which was amended Aug. 14 and is currently being reviewed by the Assembly Appropriations Committee, was introduced by Sen. John Laird (D-Santa Cruz) in February.

Supporters of the legislation argue that the bill saves taxpayer money by driving down the costs associated with in-person meetings by up to 90%, and that virtual meetings give access to vulnerable populations who may not be able to attend meetings in person.

One of those vulnerable populations is aging Californians.

“For many citizens, this was a way to stay active in the community,” says former Assemblymember Cheryl Brown, who is now the chair of the California Commission on Aging.

“Once we got them trained, they fall in love with it. They become engaged with their government,” said Brown.

“They want more communication, and they don’t want to be isolated,” Brown says referring to the changes SB 544 is proposing. She wants people to have permanent access to public meetings. During the pandemic, there was record participation in meetings because they were broadcast online, and people could access them by teleconference.

However, SB 544 has its share of opponents. Groups such as the First Amendment Coalition (FAC), the California Newspaper Publishers Association, California Common Cause, The Society of Professional Journalists, and other groups committed to holding government accountable have spoken out against the bill. They believe that if SB 544 passed, it would lead to more government secrecy and turn state government boards and commissions into “faceless bureaucracies.”

The FAC was one of several civic groups that co-signed a letter critical of SB 544.

“This rewriting would ensure that a state body would never again have to meet in person. This would fundamentally undermine one of the law’s key protections for public access and participation — the guarantee that the press and public can be physically present in the same room as those sitting on the dais and making decisions. Such physical presence has been a constant hallmark of democratic institutions,” according to the letter.

David Loy, legal director at the FAC, told California Black Media (CBM) he is concerned SB 544 would allow more online meetings and it would diminish elected officials’ face-to-face contact with their constituents.

He added that the governor’s executive orders about online meetings were established during the COVID pandemic – and that the health crisis is over.

According to Loy, elected officials decide public policy in these meetings. And he feels that needs to be done in-person.

“Public officials should be meeting face-to-face with the people they serve,” he said.

Sedalia Sanders, former mayor of El Centro who is currently active with her city’s local agency on aging and is active with the California Commission on Aging, disagrees with Loy.

Sanders told CBM since many of the Commission’s meetings are held in Sacramento, she participates through video conferencing.

“I don’t think anything is lost,” she said.

Sanders says participants can still see and interact with their representatives through video cameras.

“For an elected official to participate in a meeting online, the majority of the board members still have to meet in person to form a quorum,” she added.

Although born during World War II, Sanders has embraced modern technology. She has a cell phone and navigates the Internet. However, she said that not all senior citizens are as tech savvy as she is.

Many of them don’t know you have to pay for the Internet. And this can be a problem, especially if you’re on a fixed income.

Brown says that the bill’s opponents are conflating the issues, boards, and commissions are different than elected leaders voting on public policy matters, and seniors and disabled communities support this bill because it’s about inclusion, not exclusion.

“Seniors don’t want to sit back and just play pickleball,” she said. “They want to have a say in the decisions that affect their lives and remote access allows them to do that.”

Lights, wires, action! Young adults in California Conservation Corps (CCC) Energy Corps are training for careers in the clean energy sector through a year of hands on, paid service to California.

“I came into the CCC not knowing anything besides flipping on a light switch,” said CCC Norwalk Corpsmember Ole Jimenez. “Now, I know how to put things together to make electricity run.”

Corpsmembers receive industry level training during their year of paid training, including in energy surveys, lighting retrofits, and installing solar panels and electric vehicle charging stations.

CCC collaborates with California’s community colleges on the training that covers a range of topics, such as: OSHA-10, scissor/aerial lift operations, energy efficiency basics, data collection, wiring, and more.

“I wanted to do work where I can give back to the community, and that is rewarding,” said Corpsmember Janiyah Graham-Howze. “My favorite class in the CCC is on retrofit surveying. I’ve been getting more experience in it. I am getting hand-on training, so I can further my career in energy.”

Opportunities are available in the greater Los Angeles, Fresno, and Sacramento areas. The crews are currently completing energy surveys and retrofits at schools and government buildings. In the coming months, Corpsmembers will complete solar and EV installation training, as the CCC looks to meet the growing demand for these clean energy solutions and ready-to-work employees.

If you are looking to energize your career or know a young adult who could benefit from the CCC’s paid training opportunities, encourage them to apply at ccc.ca.gov today.

By Antonio Ray Harvey | California Black Media

What teachers think and experience in the public education system is explored in a new report by the National Alliance for Public Charter Schools (NAPCS).

The report, named “Listen to Your Teacher: An Analysis of Teacher Sentiment on the State of Public Education,” was authored by NAPCS’s Vice President of Communications and Marketing, Debbie Veney.

The Harris Poll, a market research and consulting firm, carried out the survey of over 1,200 public schoolteachers from both charter and district schools for the report.

“I think the results of The Harris Poll raises the important point that teacher voice is critical in determining the challenges we face in education, particularly in the aftermath of the pandemic,” said Leona Matthews, Senior Director of Literacy Programs for Green Dot Public Schools California.

Green Dot Public Schools is a non-profit organization whose mission is to help transform public education so all students graduate prepared for college, leadership and life. The U.S. Department of Education has featured Green Dot as a national leader in school turnarounds.

“It makes it clear that charter schools provide the kind of small school, values driven environment that empowers teachers to meet the diverse needs of the students we serve.”

The NAPCS commissioned the survey to gain more insight into the teachers’ experiences, opinions and motivations for entering, staying in, or leaving the profession.

The research was conducted online from May 10 to May 30, 2023.

“Next to parents, teachers are the backbone of education. It is valuable to have insight into how they feel in today’s climate and find out how we can better support their heroic work in and outside the classroom. Although we certainly have a special interest in charter schoolteachers, we care deeply about the experience of all public schoolteachers,” stated Nina Rees, President and CEO of the NAPCS.

Based on the study, 10 Los Angeles-based Green Dot Public Schools helped students increase proficiency rates in both math and English during the 2022-2023 year. Four schools exceeded their pre-pandemic proficiency rates.

Charter schools are publicly funded independent schools established by teachers, parents, or community groups under the terms of a charter with a local or national authority.

They are governed under a legislative contract – a charter – with the state, school district, or another entity, according to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), a statistical agency of the U.S. Department of Education (USDE).

In April 2020, the NCES and Institute of Education Sciences released a 71-page report that Black educators were 11% of the teachers in the country’s charter schools during the 2017-2018 academic year.

Overall, Black educators make up 11% percent of the teachers in city schools but only 5.5% of the teachers in suburban schools and 3.6 percent in rural schools. The nation’s average of Black educators in the classroom is 6.3%, according to the report.

Veney, participated in a podcast focused on the study. She said that the importance of the survey was to get the 1,211 teachers to provide their perspectives (811 school district teachers and 400 charter school educators).

“This is the most important topic right now facing public education. We’re hearing all the headlines about teacher shortages, teacher resignations, and teacher dissatisfaction,” Veney said. “It really felt like we were not listening enough to what teachers were actually saying about this (or) if there was a lot of talk about teachers but not enough talk to teachers.”

The key data from the survey indicate the following trends:

Teachers Agree Families and Students Should Have Education Choice – About 4 out of 5 teachers agree that regardless of its politicized nature, public school choice is important for both families and teachers (79% of all public schoolteachers; 87% of charter schoolteachers and 78% of district schoolteachers).

Something Has to Change – Public school teachers cite student behavior and discipline issues (74%) as the top challenge they believe teachers currently face, followed by pay (65%.).

There’s Something Special About the Experience of Charter Schoolteachers – Eighty percent of charter schoolteachers say they are as or more motivated than when they initially entered the profession (vs. 34% among district teachers).

Aligning with Culture — Ninety-six percent of charter schoolteachers report feeling aligned with their current school’s culture in terms of values and beliefs about education. Only 75% of district schoolteachers feel this way.

Keep Politics Out of the Classroom – Teachers say they just want to teach (94%) and report feeling like they are caught in the crossfire of a culture war (91%).

“It amplifies a needed conversation about our educational system, how we can best support teachers, and ultimately our students.” Matthews said of the report.

Charter schools historically serve proportionately more students of color and more students from low-income communities than district schools. For a stretch of 16 years (2005-06 to 2020-21 school years), charter schools have consistently had a higher portion of students of color compared to district schools, according to the National Alliance for Public Charter Schools (NAPCS).

During the 2005-2006 school year, a total of 196,851 students were enrolled in California charter schools, according to data provided by NAPCS. The movement continued each year as enrollment reached 692,783 pupils by the end of the 2020-2021 calendar year.

As of the beginning of the 2022–23 school year, more than 1,300 charter schools and seven all-charter districts are operating in California, according to the California Department of Education (CDE).

San Bernardino County has 52 charter schools, 275 in Los Angeles County has 275, 124 in San Diego County, 56 in Sacramento County, 80 in Alameda County, and 16 public charter schools in San Francisco County, according to CDE.

“I am really delighted to say that a lot of what we found is consistent and similar across both types of school settings,” said Veney referring to the charter schools and district schools.

By Dr. Melissa Franklin | Special to California Black Media Partners

Black mothers are more likely to die due to complications from pregnancy and childbirth than pregnant women of all other races. This is a shameful injustice plaguing the Black community, one that is over 400 years in the making.

Black women are 1.6 times more likely to experience more maternal mental health conditions, including prenatal and postpartum anxiety and depression, than women of other races, according to the American Hospital Association Institute for Diversity and Health Equity,

These injustices are killing Black women who are well-resourced and educated like Olympian Tori Bowie, as well as those enduring economic hardship. It is also harming their babies. And although this crisis has attracted national attention, it remains unaddressed.

For Black women, like me, who have experienced premature childbirth, the trauma and guilt of not being able to bring our babies full term can be long-lasting. Those psychological scars exist along with the other physical and mental threats to our health and wellbeing.

Both of my children were born three months early, despite my best efforts. I had a steady job, decent income, post-graduate education, a good bill of health and a stable relationship. Yet, my health and life were threatened in both of their births. One would think that such an experience would place me in a unique category. However, as a Black woman, it does not.

In Los Angeles County, Black women die at three to four times the rate of other races due to pregnancy-related complications, and Black babies die at two to three times the rate of any other race before their first birthday. Black babies are born premature at greater rates than any other ethnic group, which can lead to long-term health and developmental challenges. The Black community is also shouldering a disproportionate amount of the mental burden of tragedy and loss when it comes to pregnancy and childbirth.

To solve this problem, we must acknowledge three truths:

1. The problem is not with Black people.
2. It’s the system that is failing Black people.
3. This problem is solvable, and Black people deserve to have joyous and healthy births.

The data coupled with our lived experiences and history as Black people tells us something is amiss. College educated Black women experience worse birth outcomes (i.e., death, premature birth, health complications for mother and child) than White women with high school diplomas. Black women who are non-smokers have worse birth outcomes than White women who smoke. The root problem is also not “teen pregnancy.”

Black teens have better birth outcomes than older Black individuals.

The root causes of the problem are complex. In short, stress kills.

The stress of generations of racial harm compounded by ongoing, exposure to racist treatment, prejudice and oppression, can be deadly. This stress is especially deadly when it is exacerbated by systems of care that disrespect and withhold quality care from Black people. The social contexts that imperil Black individuals to a greater extent than other races, such as homelessness, criminal justice injustice, education system injustice, and child welfare system injustice create a perfect storm for these root causes to grow.

There is hope for change. There are a number of initiatives underway to address the racism and stress that are at the root of the problem. These initiatives range from legislation such as the Federal Momnibus Act, California Senate Bill (SB) 65 (California Momnibus Act) and California SB 464 (Dignity in Pregnancy Act) to Statewide Initiatives such as the Perinatal Equity Initiative. In Los Angeles County, the Department of Public Health’s African American Infant and Maternal Mortality Initiative (AAIMM) brings together public agencies, community-based organizations, and advocates to raise awareness and transform how systems treat Black people.

But what can a Black woman/person do if they are pregnant or want to become pregnant one day? We can reclaim justice and joy by activating a village to address the stress. Until racism, racial microaggressions and poor treatment by the health care system are resolved, mental health support from multiple places is a powerful tool we can access.

This means building a village to provide social and emotional support, and as well as advocacy during your childbirth journey. Available resources include:

Black Infant Health Program — prenatal groups that bring together Black pregnant folks in a group setting. They offer support, resources, and a coach to help you through your journey.

Doulas – birth partners who provide emotional and physical support during pregnancy, childbirth, and the early postpartum period.  Los Angeles County AAIMM Doula program provides doulas services by Black Doulas for Black families.

Group Prenatal – a small prenatal care group of pregnant women with similar due dates led by a clinician.

Home Visitation – assistance to expecting families on their journey through pregnancy and early parenting, delivered by a public health nurse or a parent coach.

Midwives, Maternity Homes and Birth Centers – Important sources of caring, quality support and advocacy.

While agencies and advocates are mounting efforts, we all have an important role. Even if you have no plans of becoming pregnant or parenting in the future, you can still make a difference when it comes to the mental health of childbearing moms.

If you know someone who is pregnant, connect them to a resource to assist them on their journeys. Be a friend and advocate. Take ACTION to show them they have a village –offer to cook/bring a meal, go with them to their appointments, provide a shoulder to lean on when they are exhausted.

While we work to make this world a less traumatizing place for Black people, we can also take steps to prevent the stress of that trauma from killing our mothers and our babies. We deserve to experience joy, abundance, and beautiful, healthy births. It is our birthright.

 About the Author

Dr. Melissa Franklin is the Director of maternal, Child and Adolescent Health at the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health.

Related Video

Chelsea, an expectant mom, and Danica, her doula, discuss the delicate connection between mental health and maternal care.  Watch the video.

By Joe W. Bowers Jr. and Edward Henderson | California Black Media

As the rate of hate crimes continues to increase in California, Gov. Gavin Newsom announced additional funding, resources and guidance designed to protect impacted residents.

Allocations include $91.4 million to 173 local organizations across the state to support victims, provide resources, and facilitate anti-hate prevention measures. The first major statewide media campaign entitled “CA vs Hate” with print, radio, and digital ads will run in English, Spanish, Chinese, Vietnamese, Tagalog, Korean, Tongan, Mixtec, and Hmong. The campaign will focus on traditionally hard-to-reach communities. And a letter to all public-school leaders in California highlighting the legal responsibilities to ensure ethnic studies curricula are appropriate and do not reflect or promote bias, bigotry or discrimination.

“An attack on any of our communities is an attack on everything we stand for as Californians,” said Newsom in a press release. “As hate-fueled rhetoric drives increasing acts of bigotry and violence, California is taking action to protect those who are targeted just for being who they are. We’re bolstering our support for victims and anti-hate programs and tackling ignorance and intolerance through education to prevent hate from taking hold in our communities.”

The announcements come on the heels of a Southern California shop owner being shot and killed because a rainbow pride flag hung outside her clothing store. In the first month since the Governor launched the “CA vs Hate” hotline, there have been 180 reports of hate acts across California.

By Lou K Coleman

But it will not change the fact that what God says will come to fruition. You better know that you know! Jesus Himself talked of a future time so horrendous that no human lives would be spared, “unless those days were shortened.” [Matthew 24:22]. Daniel the prophet warned us of terrible end-time events that will affect the entire world. [Daniel 10:13-14]. Prophet Jeremiah said: “Why do I see every man with his hands on his loins like a woman in labor, and all faces turned pale? [Jeremiah 30:6-7]. Like I said, you can ignore God’s warnings if you want too, it will not change the fact that what God says will come to fruition.

Learn a parable of the fig tree; When her branch is yet tender, and putteth forth leaves, ye know that summer is near: So ye in like manner, when ye shall see these things come to pass, know that it is nigh, [even] at the doors. [Mark 13: 28-30]. Because by the time the effects of the Fifth Trumpet—the First Woe—have ended, massive destruction will have taken place across the United States.

One Woe is past, and behold, there are two more Woes coming after this” [Revelation 9:12]. You can ignore God’s warning if you want to, but it will not change the fact that what God says will come to fruition. It is at this juncture that the world is warned of even far greater destruction that will follow, and that it is a matter of God’s judgment that this world has been given more than enough time and information to know and to understand what is about to come upon it in the form of a final war. Do not be foolish!

Understand that the first four Trumpets of the Seventh Seal are about the first major attack that will be made upon America. Because America has been the greatest single nation in the end-time, and the events of these four Trumpets are structured to cripple her world dominance, influence, and power. She is the first of all nations to be humbled by God because she has been given the most by Him and has been given the greatest opportunity to listen but has not. This humbling process that will be poured out upon America will be very strong against her. If you think the world was shocked by what happened to the United States on 9/11, that shock is nothing compared to the shock and fear that will grip the world once the events of these four Trumpets begin to take place, because the destruction from these events unfolds quickly, just as the events of 9/11 unfolded in one day. WWIII will begin as these events develop, and the greatest exchange of weapons in an all-out nuclear war will begin soon after this. Don’t take my word for Read the Book of Revelation chapter 8. It shows in very prophetic language the events that will lead to the fall of the United States as the first nation to be brought down. Don’t ignore the warnings of God, because soon and very soon, horrendous destruction is coming to America.

“For God has raised up many prophetic voices to call America to repentance and to warn that continued rebellion will lead to doom. America has refused to listen to these prophets. Instead, the nation has stiffened in its rebellion against God. The result is that America has passed the point of no return, the point of “dread release,” when God delivers a nation from judgment to destruction. And thus, the wrath of God is about to fall on this nation.”

Standing afar off for the fear of her torment, saying, Alas, alas, that great city Babylon, that mighty city! For in one hour is thy judgment come. [Revelation 18:10; Revelation18:17-19].

First major ad blitz aims to build awareness of California vs Hate with a focus on hard-to-reach communities. Californians can visit CAvsHate.org or call 833-8-NO-HATE for resources and to report acts of hate

SACRAMENTO – The California Civil Rights Department (CRD) today announced it is launching a statewide multilingual ad campaign to increase awareness of the “California vs Hate” initiative, which includes a new hotline, website, and network that provides a safe, anonymous reporting option for victims and witnesses of hate and connects people with resources. This first major ad blitz aims to build awareness of the resources available to Californians impacted by hate statewide with a focus on traditionally hard-to-reach communities.

“In California, we’re committed to doing the necessary work of supporting all our communities,” said CRD Director Kevin Kish. “California vs Hate is not just about fighting bias and discrimination, but also about building coalitions and inclusivity. This new ad campaign is part of our ongoing efforts to support healing for all those targeted by hate and reach people who have historically been underserved. Whether its violence motivated by bias, racial slurs, name-calling, or discriminatory refusal of services, there is no place for hate in California. I urge every person in our state to make use of the hotline, get support, and share these resources. Together, we can fight hate.”

Officially unveiled earlier this year by Governor Newsom, “CA vs Hate” is in direct response to the rise in reported hate crimes in California, which, in recent years, reached their highest levels since 2001 — jumping more than 20% from 2021 to 2022. The new ad campaign is now underway and is set to last through the end of the year. It builds on the success of the program’s initial launch and outreach efforts, including a mini ad campaign launched during Pride Month. The new campaign includes radio, print, and digital across the state that will be available in English, Spanish, Chinese, Vietnamese, Tagalog, Korean, Hmong, Tongan, and Mixtec across more than 30 different outlets. This new effort is in addition to the “CA vs Hate” online resource hub, which includes graphics for social media, flyers and posters, and customizable content in seven different languages. These resources are available to all members of the public and partner organizations. Throughout the year, “CA vs Hate” will continue to release targeted ads aimed at supporting all of California’s communities. For instance, “CA vs Hate” has also newly developed a targeted campaign geared towards youth as they head back to school, featuring shareable content that addresses how hate can manifest in school and empowers students to report.

Many hate crimes have historically gone unreported due to a variety of factors, including fear of retaliation, lack of culturally competent resources, concern around potential immigration consequences, and distrust of law enforcement. “CA vs Hate” aims to help address some of these issues by offering people targeted for hate — and their communities — additional resources to report acts of hate through a community-centered approach that does not require engagement with the criminal legal system. In addition, hotline services are confidential and provided for free, regardless of immigration status. Whether individuals report to “CA vs Hate” online or by phone, they are eligible to receive care coordination to ensure people impacted by hate are able to access resources and support, including legal, financial, mental health, and mediation services. “CA vs Hate” accepts all reports of hate acts and is not limited to only receiving reports that rise to the level of a criminal offense.

In the first month of the program’s official launch, “CA vs Hate” received 180 reports of hate acts across California. Nearly half of all individuals who reported an act of hate accepted care coordination services, including direct and ongoing support accessing legal aid or counseling.

“CA vs Hate” is a non-emergency, multilingual hate crime and incident reporting hotline and online portal. Reports can be made anonymously by calling (833) 866-4283, or 833-8-NO-HATE, Monday to Friday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. PT or online at any time. Hate acts can be reported in 15 different languages through the online portal and in over 200 languages when calling the hotline. For individuals who want to report a hate crime to law enforcement immediately or who are in imminent danger, please call 911. For more information on “CA vs Hate”, please visit CAvsHate.org.

The radio spot is available here. The print ads are available here. The digital ads will officially launch in the coming weeks and build on content available in the “CA vs Hate” resource hub available here. Graphics for the back-to-school mini campaign are available here.

CRD is the state agency charged with enforcing California’s civil rights laws. Formerly known as the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing (DFEH), the mission of CRD is to protect the people of California from unlawful discrimination in employment, housing, public accommodations, and state-fund programs and activities, and from hate violence and human trafficking. For more information, visit calcivilrights.ca.gov.

By Joe W. Bowers Jr. and Edward Henderson | California Black Media

On August 24th, Assemblymembers Lori D. Wilson (D-Suisun), Chair of the Legislative Black Caucus, and Mike A. Gipson (D-Carson) presented a $3 million symbolic check to the 40-Acre Conservation League, California’s first and only Black-led conservation group.

This investment, provided by the Wildlife Conservation Board and the Sierra Nevada Conservancy, will help the league acquire its first land acquisition, a 650-acre plot 70 miles North of Sacramento.

“I am so thrilled that I was able to help secure $3 million dollars for 40-Acre Conservation League’s first land acquisition,” said Gipson. “This remarkable achievement is a gateway for more people of color to enter the conservancy space, and it demonstrates that when like-minded organizations unite for a common cause, they can achieve remarkable results.”

The 40 Acre Conservation League is a nonprofit land conservancy that aims to protect nature by connecting people to it, especially people of color. It also wants to acquire land for economic, environmental, and recreational justice.

“With the support and partnership of Assemblymembers Mike Gipson and Lori Wilson, we’re excited and humbled to make history as the first Black-led land conservancy in California,” said Jade Stevens, President of the 40 Acre Conservation League. “Today represents a strong step forward in rectifying historical wrongs, restoring dignity, and providing the foundation for economic empowerment and social equity. We look forward to what lies ahead.”